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d:\>dfu-util-static.exe -R -a all -D sysimage-nand.img
dfu-util 0.9

Copyright 2005-2009 Weston Schmidt, Harald Welte and OpenMoko Inc.
Copyright 2010-2016 Tormod Volden and Stefan Schmidt
This program is Free Software and has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
Please report bugs to http://sourceforge.net/p/dfu-util/tickets/

Opening DFU capable USB device...
ID 1f3a:1010
Run-time device DFU version 0110
Claiming USB DFU Interface...
Setting Alternate Setting #0 ...
Determining device status: state = dfuIDLE, status = 0
dfuIDLE, continuing
DFU mode device DFU version 0110
Device returned transfer size 4096
Copying data from PC to DFU device
Download        [======================== ]  99%    133693440 bytes failed!
state(10) = dfuERROR, status(14) = Something went wrong, but the device does not know what it was
Resetting USB to switch back to runtime mode
Invalid DFU suffix signature
A valid DFU suffix will be required in a future dfu-util release!!!
can't detach

U-Boot SPL 2020.07 (Oct 10 2020 - 08:45:42 +0800)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Trying to boot from MMC1
Card did not respond to voltage select!
spl: mmc init failed with error: -95
Trying to boot from MMC2
Card did not respond to voltage select!
spl: mmc init failed with error: -95
Trying to boot from sunxi SPI
SPI-NAND: GigaDevice GD5F1GQ4UAxxG
SPI-NAND: U-Boot address: 53248


U-Boot 2020.07 (Oct 10 2020 - 08:45:42 +0800) Allwinner Technology

CPU:   Allwinner F Series (SUNIV)
Model: Allwinner F1C100s Generic Device
DRAM:  64 MiB
MMC:   mmc@1c0f000: 0, mmc@1c10000: 1
Setting up a 800x480 lcd console (overscan 0x0)
In:    serial
Out:   vga
Err:   vga
Allwinner mUSB OTG (Peripheral)
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
Booting from FEL...
List of MTD devices:
* spi-nand0
  - device: spi-nand@1
  - parent: spi@1c05000
  - driver: spi_nand
  - type: NAND flash
  - block size: 0x20000 bytes
  - min I/O: 0x800 bytes
  - OOB size: 64 bytes
  - OOB available: 31 bytes
  - 0x000000000000-0x000008000000 : "spi-nand0"
DFU waiting on SPI-NAND...
unrecognized JEDEC id bytes: 00, c8, f1
Failed to initialize SPI flash at 0:0 (error -2)
Card did not respond to voltage select!
Card did not respond to voltage select!
Card did not respond to voltage select!
List of MTD devices:
* spi-nand0
  - device: spi-nand@1
  - parent: spi@1c05000
  - driver: spi_nand
  - type: NAND flash
  - block size: 0x20000 bytes
  - min I/O: 0x800 bytes
  - OOB size: 64 bytes
  - OOB available: 31 bytes
  - 0x000000000000-0x000008000000 : "spi-nand0"
Booting from SPI-NAND...
Reading 16384 byte(s) (8 page(s)) at offset 0x00080000
Reading 7340032 byte(s) (3584 page(s)) at offset 0x00100000
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80700000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80700000
   Loading Device Tree to 816f9000, end 816ffc6c ... OK
Cannot setup simplefb: node not found

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.4.66 (whycan@ubuntu) (gcc version 8.4.0 (Buildroot 2020.02.4-00002-g2e2c3d224a)) #1 Fri Oct 9 10:45:59 CST 2020
[    0.000000] CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=0005317f
[    0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Widora MangoPi R3
[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x83000000
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk rootwait consoleblank=0 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 root=/dev/mtdblock3 overlayfsdev=/dev/mtdblock4
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 38736K/65536K available (6144K kernel code, 248K rwdata, 1680K rodata, 1024K init, 225K bss, 10416K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x254/0x444 with crng_init=0
[    0.000052] sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
[    0.000138] clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns
[    0.000904] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.001006] Calibrating delay loop... 203.16 BogoMIPS (lpj=1015808)
[    0.070261] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.070791] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.070833] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.072774] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.074876] Setting up static identity map for 0x80100000 - 0x80100058
[    0.076195] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.088182] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.088246] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes, linear)
[    0.092545] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.095282] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.099034] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.101417] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.146192] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.146575] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.146781] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.146984] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.147492] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
[    0.147646] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[    0.147776] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[    0.147797] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[    0.147861] PTP clock support registered
[    0.148959] ion_parse_dt_heap_common: id 4 type 4 name cma align 1000
[    0.149989] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[    0.152597] clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer
[    0.184288] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[    0.185058] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.186655] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.186738] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.186793] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.186842] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[    0.187169] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.187230] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.187758] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.190475] NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
[    0.192343] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[    0.193159] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
[    0.215078] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[    0.215702] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[    0.334265] Key type asymmetric registered
[    0.334307] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[    0.334491] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 249)
[    0.334522] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.334539] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.349955] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[    0.374670] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 8 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.380631] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pa not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.381980] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[    0.402311] 1c25400.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1c25400 (irq = 28, base_baud = 6250000) is a 16550A
[    0.834890] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.844783] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pd not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.866124] panel-simple panel: panel supply power not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.875817] SCSI Media Changer driver v0.25 
[    0.881561] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pc not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.894551] spi-nor spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id bytes: 00 c8 f1 c8 f1 c8
[    0.902039] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    0.908689] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    0.914390] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    0.920620] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    0.926446] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    0.933634] usb_phy_generic usb_phy_generic.0.auto: usb_phy_generic.0.auto supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.947257] i2c /dev entries driver
[    0.951389] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pd not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.965290] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pe not found, using dummy regulator
[    0.976295] sun4i-csi 1cb0000.csi: Packed (RAW) format enabled.
[    0.984155] sunxi-wdt 1c20ca0.watchdog: Watchdog enabled (timeout=16 sec, nowayout=0)
[    0.994230] suniv-f1c100s-pinctrl 1c20800.pinctrl: 1c20800.pinctrl supply vcc-pf not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.032278] sunxi-mmc 1c0f000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 16384 KB
[    1.041773] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    1.047467] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    1.051641] sunxi-cedar 1c0e000.video-codec: sunxi cedar version 0.01alpha
[    1.058946] sunxi-cedar 1c0e000.video-codec: cedar-ve the get irq is 20
[    1.070701] debugfs: Directory '1c23c00.codec' with parent 'F1C100s Audio Codec' already present!
[    1.084690] sun4i-codec 1c23c00.codec: Codec <-> 1c23c00.codec mapping ok
[    1.101020] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    1.105724] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    1.111145] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[    1.129773] sun4i-drm soc:display-engine: bound 1e00000.display-frontend (ops 0xc073b3d8)
[    1.138826] sun4i-drm soc:display-engine: bound 1e60000.display-backend (ops 0xc073ac18)
[    1.148455] sun4i-drm soc:display-engine: bound 1c0c000.lcd-controller (ops 0xc07397b8)
[    1.157047] sun4i-drm soc:display-engine: bound 1c0a000.tv-encoder (ops 0xc073a4d8)
[    1.164830] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[    1.171433] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query.
[    1.179132] [drm] Initialized sun4i-drm 1.0.0 20150629 for soc:display-engine on minor 0
[    1.188155] [drm] kms: can't enable cloning when we probably wanted to.
[    1.260030] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100x30
[    1.298895] sun4i-drm soc:display-engine: fb0: sun4i-drmdrmfb frame buffer device
[    1.307504] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
[    1.325350] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'
[    1.332106] ALSA device list:
[    1.335215]   #0: F1C100s Audio Codec
[    1.339474] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[    1.348199] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db
[    1.353779] Waiting for root device /dev/mtdblock3...
[    2.192602] random: fast init done
[   31.842658] vcc3v0: disabling
[   31.845659] vcc3v3: disabling
[   31.848629] vcc5v0: disabling
[  182.492753] random: crng init done

#include <asm/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
 
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
 
#define MYPROTO NETLINK_ROUTE
#define MYMGRP RTMGRP_IPV4_ROUTE
 
int open_netlink()
{
    int sock = socket(AF_NETLINK,SOCK_RAW,MYPROTO);
    struct sockaddr_nl addr;

    memset((void *)&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));

    if (sock<0)
        return sock;
    addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    addr.nl_pid = getpid();
    addr.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK|RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR|RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR;
//    addr.nl_groups = RTMGRP_LINK;
    if (bind(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr))<0)
        return -1;
    return sock;
}
 

int read_event(int sockint, int (*msg_handler)(struct sockaddr_nl *,
                                               struct nlmsghdr *))
{
    int status;
    int ret = 0;
    char buf[4096];
    struct iovec iov = { buf, sizeof buf };
    struct sockaddr_nl snl;
    struct msghdr msg = { (void*)&snl, sizeof snl, &iov, 1, NULL, 0, 0};
    struct nlmsghdr *h;
    
    status = recvmsg(sockint, &msg, 0);

    if(status < 0)
    {
        /* Socket non-blocking so bail out once we have read everything */
        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
            return ret;

        /* Anything else is an error */
        printf("read_netlink: Error recvmsg: %d\n", status);
        perror("read_netlink: Error: ");
        return status;
    }
        
    if(status == 0)
    {
        printf("read_netlink: EOF\n");
    }

    /* We need to handle more than one message per 'recvmsg' */
    for(h = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf; NLMSG_OK (h, (unsigned int)status); 
    h = NLMSG_NEXT (h, status))
    {
        /* Finish reading */
        if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE)
            return ret;

        /* Message is some kind of error */
        if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR)
        {
            printf("read_netlink: Message is an error - decode TBD\n");
            return -1; // Error
        }

        /* Call message handler */
        if(msg_handler)
        {
            ret = (*msg_handler)(&snl, h);
            if(ret < 0)
            {
                printf("read_netlink: Message hander error %d\n", ret);
                return ret;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf("read_netlink: Error NULL message handler\n");
            return -1;
        }
    }



    return ret;
}

static int netlink_link_state(struct sockaddr_nl *nl, struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    int len;
    struct ifinfomsg *ifi;

    nl = nl;

    ifi = NLMSG_DATA(msg);

    printf("netlink_link_state: Link %s\n", 
           (ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_RUNNING)?"Up":"Down");
//    printf("netlink_link_state: family: %d\n", ifi->ifi_family);
//    if(ifi->ifi_family == AF_INET)
//    {
//         printf("Link index: %d Flags: (0x%x) ", 
//                ifi->ifi_index, ifi->ifi_flags);
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_UP)
//             printf("IFF_UP ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_BROADCAST)
//             printf("IFF_BROADCAST ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_DEBUG)
//             printf("IFF_DEBUG ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
//             printf("IFF_LOOPBACK ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT)
//             printf("IFF_POINTOPOINT ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_NOTRAILERS)
//             printf("IFF_NOTRAILERS ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_RUNNING)
//             printf("IFF_RUNNING ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_NOARP)
//             printf("IFF_NOARP ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_PROMISC)
//             printf("IFF_PROMISC ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_ALLMULTI)
//             printf("IFF_ALLMULTI ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_MASTER)
//             printf("IFF_MASTER ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_SLAVE)
//             printf("IFF_SLAVE ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_MULTICAST)
//             printf("IFF_MULTICAST ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_PORTSEL)
//             printf("IFF_PORTSEL ");
//         if(ifi->ifi_flags & IFF_AUTOMEDIA)
//             printf("IFF_AUTOMEDIA ");
//         printf("\n");        
//    }
    return 0;
}

static int msg_handler(struct sockaddr_nl *nl, struct nlmsghdr *msg)
{
    switch (msg->nlmsg_type)
    {
        case RTM_NEWADDR:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_NEWADDR\n");
            break;
        case RTM_DELADDR:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_DELADDR\n");
            break;
        case RTM_NEWROUTE:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_NEWROUTE\n");
            break;
        case RTM_DELROUTE:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_DELROUTE\n");
            break;
        case RTM_NEWLINK:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_NEWLINK\n");
            netlink_link_state(nl, msg);
            break;
        case RTM_DELLINK:
            printf("msg_handler: RTM_DELLINK\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("msg_handler: Unknown netlink nlmsg_type %d\n",
                   msg->nlmsg_type);
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int nls = open_netlink();

    printf("Started watching:\n");
    if (nls<0) {
        printf("Open Error!");
    }

    while (1)
        read_event(nls, msg_handler);
    return 0;
}

Device         Boot     Start       End  Blocks  Id System
whatever.img1            8192    122879   57344   c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
whatever.img2          122880   5785599 2831360  83 Linux

mount -v -o offset=4194304 -t vfat whatever.img /mnt/img/one
mount -v -o offset=62914560 -t ext4 whatever.img /mnt/img/two

objdump -x output/target/usr/sbin/dnsmasq |grep NEEDED
  NEEDED               libc.so.0